Over the past three decades, Japan has battled persistent economic stagnation, reckoned with depopulation, rising inequality, voter disengagement, and endured threats to Asia’s long peace. Remarkably, Japan has emerged from its “lost decades” unscathed from the populist wave that today permeates several major democracies and as a far more consequential actor in the geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific. The country has reinvented itself as a network power to overcome the harsh realities of diminishing relative capabilities. How has Japan accomplished this reinvention? What lessons can be learned from how it has coped with slow growth, adverse demographics, adjustment to economic globalization, and the emergence of a powerful and assertive China? And how can Japan handle the hurdles ahead?